Abstract: In this Quick Summary article, the Metabolism domain of Cognitive Typology is distilled into concise segments averaging around 100 words or less, to help facilitate and hasten the learning process of the CT theory. Although these brief overviews strive to preserve essential details, for a comprehensive understanding of each concept, readers are encouraged to explore the more detailed, long-form contents as well.
The following summaries are displayed in the Metabolism Index page. For further information on each of these sections, visit the index.
Metabolism, or information metabolism, is the first of four layers of emergence in CT theory, lying at the root of all others. It refers to our method of processing information at the cortical level. This brain activity happens at the millisecond scale and occurs before any behavioral effects are observed.
1. Contentless Principle: Metabolism focuses on "how" information is processed, not "what" information is processed. As such, metabolism is void of specific contents, behaviors or beliefs but is the framework that generates all contents in a person. No specific belief or behavior belongs exclusively to any type or function.
2. Cognitive Holism Principle: All beliefs, opinions and behaviors are available to all types, but are accessed via different metabolic pathways. Via the combined processing of each type's metabolic functions, every person has direct or indirect acccess to each kind of psychic experience.
3. Distinct Ontology Principle: While any belief or behavior is accessible to every person, each type carries a distinct phenomenology, born from a different registration of the ontology of objects. This leads to implicit ontological biases forming around the nature of reality. These implicit biases are present even when explicit opinions appear to run contrary to them on the surface.
Judgment is a process of differentiation, whether it be true from false, right from wrong, good from bad, effective from ineffective, or any other dichotomy. The Judgment functions (Ti, Fi, Te, Fe) operate on the principle of reason, to make rational distinctions between objects or actions. Judgment splits up reality, labeling elements into these ideal categories by their properties, according to a personal criteria of judgment.
Perception is a spatiotemporal process which gathers and archives graphical (non-semantic) information by the manner in which the information streams into the mind and is naturally associated. Perception does not differentiate between datasets according to any rational frameworks, but instead sees the organic starts and ends of datasets based on their volumetric limits.
Introversion is a cognitive process that restricts the intake or creation of new mental or physical objects. It represents a pause in all data intake, diverting the mind's focus solely towards more closely processing pre-existing contents, to either clarify their properties (Ji) or to contextualize them against already existing information (Pi). Existing data gets refined and condensed during this intermission.
Extroversion is a cognitive process that seeks out or creates new mental or physical objects. It represents a proactive intake of data, engaging the mind in a dynamic dance with the environment. It shifts the mind's focus towards the influx of new information (Pe) or to its causal dynamics (Je). The amount of existing data gets expanded and broadened during this process.
Ji (introverted judgment) is a function that defines an object by its inner essence, and seeks to understand the innate qualities within a single object. Rather than comparing things to other things in a causal fashion (Je), Ji evaluates how a thing compares to itself in its static properties; judging whether it is self-aligned. Expressions of its functioning include the identification of self-contradictions, impurities of character, hypocrisy and asymmetry. If the individual is used as the central reference frame, then all things will be compared against themselves for alignment or misalignment in beliefs, ethics, reason, aesthetics and motives.
Je (extroverted judgment) is a function that defines an object by its interactions with other objects, seeking to understand and characterize objects by their causal dynamics. As objects can be mental or physical, these causal dynamics can also be modeled mentally or physically. The key operation at play is an input-output mechanism, which expects certain outcomes from certain initial inputs. Examples of content that may emerge from this mental process are economics theories, physics theories, social dynamic theories, politics, business as well as logistics and engineering.
Pi (introverted perception) is a function that understands an object by its temporal wholeness, spanning far into the past and future. Percieved objects trigger a recollection and are associated to all prior instances of that object, anchoring them to their broader spatial and temporal context. This perspective views an object as the sum of its historical reality, as episodes or stories where the current situation is seen as one instance in a broader narrative at play. Examples of content that may emerge from this mental process are an understanding of history, sociology and anthropology, anticipations and predictions for the future, as well as philosophy and religion.
Pe (extroverted perception) is a function that understands an object by its temporal immediacy, approaching it in a direct and experiential manner for what it is. Unlike other functions which approach objects through an interpretive framework or schema, Pe registers the immediate truth of an object's existence continuously, and seeks to explore the object curiously for its own sake, without being limited by past preconceptions. Examples of content that may emerge from this mental process are music composition, performance arts, creative arts, improv comedy and contemporary social commentary.
T is a cognitive process, shared between Ti and Te, which registers objects in an inanimate fashion. The T process assigns an ontological property to an object, which causes it to be experienced impersonally, regardless of whether the object is technically a person or living being. Objects are evaluated either mechanistically (Te) or platonically (Ti) with a level of distance from animate concerns.
F is a cognitive process, shared between Fi and Fe, which registers objects in an animate fashion. The F process assigns an ontological property to an object, which causes it to be experienced personally, regardless of whether the object is technically a living being or non-living. Objects are evaluated either teleologically (Fe) or animistically (Fi) with a level of intimacy and connection to animate concerns.
S is a cognitive process, shared between Se and Si, which registers objects in a literal fashion. The S process assigns an ontological property to an object, which causes it to be experienced discretely. Objects, whether they be mental or physical, are evaluated in an actual (Se) and local (Si) manner, with exact and specific properties. Data carries precise, factual details, and are defined by these details.
N is a cognitive process, shared between Ne and Ni, which registers objects in an associative fashion. The N process assigns an ontological property to an object, which causes it to be experienced continuously across a conceptual range, rather than discretely bound to specific properties. Objects, whether they be mental or physical, are seen as spectrums of potentiality (Ne), or to be found in some translocal associative web (Ni), rather than any one place or time exactly.
Fi is a function that defines an object by its essential nature (Ji), while also experiencing the object as having an animate (F) character. Objects are registered as has having a living property, thus triggering a personal relationship to that object's character, whether it's one of personal resonance or dissonance to it. This occurs even if the objects are inorganic, in which case the objects are not seen as alive but nonetheless having a character to them, defined by how they relate to animate concerns.
Fe is a function that defines objects by their interactions with other objects (Je), while also experiencing them as having an animate (F) character and agency. Causal dynamics are thus registered as agent-dynamics; as interactions between different wills with intentions and aims. Each causal interaction thus becomes a mutual transformation of personalities and characters. This animate assignment occurs even if the objects are inorganic, in which case they are given a telic meaning; defined in relation to animate goals and concerns.
Ti is a function that defines an object by its essential nature (Ji), while experiencing the object as having an inanimate (T) character. Objects are registered platonically, thus triggering a impersonal relationship to that object's character, causing it to be understood from a universal, general and removed place. This occurs even if the objects are technically alive, in which case the entities are registered by their universal and general properties; as instances of timeless human forms rather than as specific living essences.
Te is a function that defines objects by their interactions with other objects (Je), while also experiencing them as having an inanimate (T) character. Causal dynamics are thus registered mechanistically; as impersonal clockwork operations that follow cleanly from their premises. This inanimate assignment occurs even if the objects are technically alive, in which case the entities are still examined clinically, but as complex biological systems with various requirements for optimal functioning. These needs may be met through actions, while those actions are still registered as being mechanical in nature.
Ni is a function that expands its registration of an object to include its temporal totality (Pi); the larger episode or theme it belongs to. It then associates this episode to all historical instances of episodes which are isomorphic to it (N), transforming the definition of the object into a thematic story that is disconnected from any particular place or time. The object is then understood as something transcending the present; as an instance of something translocal and not following a linear chronologically from the past, while still being temporal in nature.
Ne is a function that absorbs objects in realtime (Pe), then extrapolates (N) new objects from their indiscriminate recombinations. Similar to how finding a ten dollar bill on the street opens up a spectrum of possibilities for what to do with the money, a possibility-space opens up around the objects Ne registers. In this space, Ne seeks out unconventional ideas for what the objects can transform or recombine into. As the recombinations become more unconventional, their capacity to generate even more novel association-chains increases, diverging ad infinitum.
Si is a function that expands its registration of an object to include its temporal totality (Pi); the larger episode or theme it belongs to. It localizes (S) an event within its specific historical context, retaining its chronological fidelity and preserving its unique details. The episode in question is not conflated with other concepts that are not linearly or directly connected to it, but it preserves its original form in a discrete and time-bound manner. If the object is an abstract idea, the idea will be archived with clear properties and fixed conceptual boundaries.
Se is a function that absorbs objects in realtime (Pe), immersing itself into the subtleties of those objects (S). Similar to how two speakers can create an amplified echo when placed side by side, with each processing loop, Se's hyperfocus on objects heightens their intensity and vividity. It seeks objects with many layers of richness and detail to uncover, capable of providing high stimulation, whether those objects are abstract or concrete. If they are abstract objects, Se will immerse itself in those concepts with linear focus, learning everything it can from the subject.
Inter-function dynamics refers to operations that transpire between two or more energetic functions. The operations of single functions comprise only a small percent of the effects we see manifested in individuals, while the majority of complex tasks require the use of more than one function at the same time. Special traits emerge from every combination of two functions together. These special combinations make up the unique metabolism of each Quadra and cognitive type.
The combined operations of Ji+Pe is called revision, as it consists of a cycle between essence-delineation (Ji) and continual re-exploration (Pe). While Ji aims to provide conclusiveness about the essential nature of things, Pe provides an ongoing feed of alternative information, which compels Ji to recalibrate its conclusions to the new information. An example of revision can be seen when trying to write the perfect (Ji) essay, but continually finding different ways (Pe) to phrase a sentence. Revision can lead either to refinement on one hand, or indecisiveness on the other.
The combined operations of Je+Pi is called conducting, as it consists of a cycle between causal dynamics (Je) and territory-mapping (Pi). As Pi builds and archives a map of the environment, this map enables Je to have uninterrupted movement forward, avoiding abstract or concrete obstacles along the way. An example of Conducting can be seen when trying to run for office (Je), and doing so from a holistic platform (Pi) that is dependable and unwavering. Conducting can lead to effective implementation on one hand, or narrow-mindedness on the other, if the map is wrong but the person continues to push forward regardless.
The combined operations of Ji+Pi is called density, as it consists of a cycle between essence-delineation (Ji) and territory-mapping (Pi), both of which further concentrate existing contents without branching outward. With each Ji+Pi metabolic cycle, information gets more internally nuanced in its worldview (Pi) and more specific in its conclusions (Ji). An example of Density can be found in biblical scholarship, which uncovers more information from the same scriptures by using comparative verse analysis and grammatical analysis. Density can lead to an increase in information quality and depth, or to cryptic obfuscation.
The combined operations of Pe+Je is called expansion, as it consists of a cycle between gathering information (Pe) and immediately executing on that data (Je), without pausing to condense the data in between. Information comes in and actions comes right out without inhibition or hesitation. This allows the individual to bypass any mental blocks, to be highly prolific and fast in their output. Expansion can lead to high-speed content creation on one hand, but on the other hand this information is at risk of being low quality and unpolished.
The combined operations of Ji+Je is called formulation, as it creates an internally-coherent system, where Ji sets the axioms through which Je's operational rules can function. Here Je, which normally responds to a dynamic and changing environment, is constrained to Ji's self-contained framework of ideal forms (Ji), creating a closed, ideal system. This essentially yields a 'formula,' not only for practical living but also for understanding life overall. Formulation can lead to powerful paradigm constructions on one hand, but also insular reasoning on the other hand.
The combined operations of Pe+Pi is called synthesis, as it seamlessly flows from information intake (Pe) to information recall (Pi) and back. While new (Pe) and old (Pi) information typically have some friction between them, in synthesis the individual navigates the present and the past harmoniously. An example of synthesis can be found in the work of an film score composer, which weaves musical landscapes (Pi) together to fit specific moments in a film (Pe). Synthesis can lead to creative genius on one hand, or an experience so fluid that there is a loss of life structure on the other.
The Alpha quadra emerges through the combination of the Ti/Fe axis and Ne/Si axis. The four Alpha types are the TiNe, NeTi, FeSi and SiFe. These are called the "Diplomatic-Ephemeralists", however the entire cognition of the Alpha quadra is defined by all of its inter-function dnyamics: Diplomatic (Fe+Si), Ephemeral (Ti+Ne), Scholastic (Ti+Si), Inspirer (Fe+Ne), as well as the compound effects of IF, IN, ES, ET. Every Alpha type will access all these dynamics to some degree, regardless of their development.
The Beta quadra emerges through the combination of the Ti/Fe axis and Se/Ni axis. The four Beta types are the TiSe, SeTi, FeNi and NiFe. These are called the "Sectarian-Sensationalists", however the entire cognition of the Beta quadra is defined by all of its inter-function dnyamics: Sectarian (Fe+Ni), Sensationalist (Ti+Se), Cabbalist (Ti+Ni), Persuader (Fe+Se), as well as the compound effects of IF, IS, EN, ET. Every Beta type will access all these dynamics to some degree, regardless of their development.
The Gamma quadra emerges through the combination of the Fi/Te axis and Se/Ni axis. The four Gamma types are the FiSe, SeFi, TeNi and NiTe. These are called the "Meritocratic-Sensualists", however the entire cognition of the Gamma quadra is defined by all of its inter-function dnyamics: Meritocratic (Te+Ni), Sensualist (Fi+Se), Occultist (Fi+Ni), Realizer (Te+Se), as well as the compound effects of IT, IS, EN, EF. Every Gamma type will access all these dynamics to some degree, regardless of their development.
The Delta quadra emerges through the combination of the Fi/Te axis and Ne/Si axis. The four Delta types are the FiNe, NeFi, TeSi and SiTe. These are called the "Bureaucratic-Etherealists", however the entire cognition of the Gamma quadra is defined by all of its inter-function dnyamics: Bureaucratic (Te+Si), Etherealist (Fi+Ne), Druidist (Fi+Si), Inventor (Te+Ne), as well as the compound effects of IT, IN, ES, EF. Every Delta type will access all these dynamics to some degree, regardless of their development.
The Ti+Ne function combination produces an experience where life is percieved by Ne impressionisitically and suspended from actuality, while Ti aims to draw impersonal understandings from that reality. The remote aspects of both functions combine to produce a highly disembodied experience. This leads to the production of artistic works or writings that highlight the fleeting nature of the self. Ti+Ne can lead to an appreciation for human ephemerality on one hand, or to existential distress on the other.
The Ti+Se function combination produces an experience where life is percieved by Se viscerally and connected to literal reality, while Ti aims to hone that experience, perfecting its form towards an ideal. The result is an analytical approach to lived experience, where Se's creativity is channeled through Ti's form-scrutiny, insisting on a high standard of artistic elegance. This can lead to an acute aesthetic mastery on one hand, or to an unhealthy visceral indulgence in stimuli on the other.
The Fi+Se function combination produces an experience where life is percieved by Se viscerally and connected to literal reality, while Fi aims to align that experience perfectly with their raw, uninhibited nature. The result is an embodied approach to lived experience, where Se's creativity is channeled through Fi's authentic self-alignment, creating artistry that perfectly resonates with the nature of their essence. This can lead to a radical authenticity on one hand, or to an unhealthy egoism on the other.
The Fi+Ne function combination produces an experience where life is percieved by Ne impressionisitically and suspended from actuality, while Fi aims to embody its raw, uninhibited nature through those impressions. Fi carries an essential core it wishes to radiate out, but that core has no definite form of expression; only a spectral Ne range that takes many forms. This leads Fi+Ne to have an ethereal embodiment; felt as real, but ungraspable and beyond. When applied to creativity, this can produce a magical effect on one hand, or a nerdy quirkiness on the other.
The Fe+Si function combination merges together Fe's understanding of social dynamics, with Si's understanding of discrete local contexts, to produce an overall appreciation for the idiosyncracies of every social bubble or group. As these idiosyncracies cannot be reduced down to one homogenous worldview, this often inclines Fe+Si to take a mediating role across various social structures; playing the role of the diplomat. This social awareness can lead Fe+Si to create an atmosphere of collaboration on one hand, or it can promote the further stratification of the different groups on the other.
The Fe+Ni function combination merges together Fe's understanding of social dynamics, with Ni's grasp of the interconnected nature of historical narratives, producing a unified worldview of human nature and destiny. This inclines Fe+Ni to extract out the over-arching truth of the human condition, its necessary arrangement for human flourishing, and its fatalistic decline if it should fail to meet those needs. The Fe+Ni combination can thus rally together people into one world-changing revolutionary spirit, or it can create cult-like groups around an all-enveloping worldview.
The Te+Ni function combination merges together Te's understanding of mechanical dynamics, with Ni's holistic grasp of the world's workings, producing a linear understanding of how things are achieved across time. This naturally inclines the Te+Ni to put into practice their understanding of life, and achieve results through their own merits and independence while advocating for everyone's ability to do the same. However, while Te+Ni can lead to personal success and independence on one hand, its can also lead the individual to overpower and undermine those less able to match their executive functioning.
The Te+Si function combination merges together Te's understanding of mechanical dynamics, with Si's understanding of discrete local contexts, producing an understanding of life as an assortment of discrete mechanical operations. Each of these operations requires tailored solutions to its own situation, giving rise to a multitude of separate protocols. This inclines the Te+Si towards a style of legalistic reasoning, whether the laws are man-made bureaucracies or the laws of nature. The Te+Si combination has a natural aptitude for scientific reasoning on one hand, but it also has an inclination towards over-systematizing things on the other.
The Ti+Si combination produces a data-scrutinizing cognition, created by Si’s rigorous focus on discrete local details and Ti’s need for concepts to have perfect ontological forms. What results is an epistemology which aims to validate timeless Ti principles through the investigation of discrete historical realities. One example of this approach is found in medieval Scholasticism, which aimed to reconcile particular doctrinal or historical events with metaphysical absolutes (Ti). The Ti+Si combination can lead to a strong rational diligence on one hand, or an overly pedantic approach on the other.
The Ti+Ni combination produces a metaphysical approach, created by Ni’s focus on thematic convergences across time, and Ti’s investigation of ideal ontological forms in those patterns. What results is an epistemology which aims to discover eternal structures and patterns, often graphically modelled, that permeate every aspect of reality. One example of this approach is found in the Cabbalistic tradition, which investigates the structural relationships (Ni) between transcendent, divine essences (Ti). The Ti+Ni combination can lead to convergent philosophical holism on one hand, or to an obscure mysticism on the other.
The Fi+Ni combination produces a metaphysical approach, created by Ni’s focus on thematic convergences across time, and Fi’s attunement to the animate energies embedded in those converging lines. What results is a method of introspection that aims to directly access eternal universal patterns through one’s essence-resonance with those patterns. One example of this approach is found in the Occult tradition, which seeks to harness supernatural forces via a direct engagement with mystical phenomena. The Fi+Ni combination can lead towards a merging with spiritual energies on one hand, or to becoming lost in enigmatic esotericism on the other.
The Fi+Si combination produces a spiritual approach, created by Si’s connection to discrete local details and Fi’s attunement to the animate energies embedded in those localities. What results is a method of self-reflection that grounds itself in the spiritual energies (Fi) of local beings or environments (Si). One example of this approach is found in the Druidist tradition, which holds a deep veneration for nature, seeing the natural world as a manifestation of the divine. The Fi+Si combination can lead towards a merging with the innate energies of local landscapes on one hand, or it can lead to a conservative technological retrogression on the other.
The Fe+Ne function combination merges Fe's grasp of interpersonal dynamics with Ne’s imaginative potential for the present, producing an inherently hopeful and motivating social force. This cognitive union understands how an existing social dynamic can be uplifted into something new, unexpected, and exciting. What results is a captivating optimism, bringing a childlike wonder and curiosity back into the social landscape and inspiring hope in people towards the unknown. The Fe+Ne combination can create an optimism for new social realities on one hand, or it can lead to impractical ideas and projects on the other hand.
The Fe+Se function combination merges Fe's social acuity with Se's awareness of the immediate environment, creating a savvy, influential communicator. This cognitive union excels in maneuvering through social landscapes, using its charisma and perceptiveness to sway opinions and shape dynamics. What results is a captivating presence, adept in both professional and personal spheres. The Fe+Se combination can create lively and immediate social impacts on one hand, but that same talent can lead to opportunism and con-artistry on the other hand.
The Te+Se function combination merges Te's mechanistic causality with Se's dynamic engagement with the present moment, resulting in a forceful drive towards realizing objectives. This cognitive union leads Te+Se to act decisively, cutting through complexities with a quick and linear approach. What results is a dynamic effectiveness, making Te+Se formidable in startup culture, leadership and businesses. The Te+Se combination can lead to rapid achievements and efficiency on one hand, or it may also result in impatience for the subtler aspects of situations.
The Te+Ne function combination merges Te's mechanistic causality with Ne's imaginative potential, creating a dynamic, inventive cognition. This cognitive union combines logistical strategies with creative possibilities, creating a scientific yet unconventional approach to problem-solving. Outside of science, this approach also produces an inventive approach towards human interaction, leading to witty, off-the-wall humor. The Te+Ne combination can lead to a strong innovative spirit on one hand, or to a scatterbrained tinkerer on the other.
Compound Effects are inter-function dynamics created when both poles of a function axis oscillate together rapidly, creating a third byproduct, similar to blending two colors on a spinning color wheel. For example, the activity of Si + Ne will combine to produce an attitude conjunction of "I" (from Si) and "N" (from Ne), into an "IN" compound effect. This effect is superficially similar to Ni proper, but is coming from an entirely different metabolic origin. Compound effects are not real functions, but are ways that every person is able to address every kind of life situation, using existing functions in combinations.
IT is a compound effect created by Fi→Te, or "Fi in service to Te." The compound is produced when Fi's essentialism, as a Ji function, is directed towards Te's objective and mechanistic causality. What results is a highly axiomatic formulation of objective inanimate processes, such as those investigated in formal logic, physics and mechanical laws. IT has the same general attitudes as Ti (I+T), but is coming from Fi-Te's metabolism and lacks the other properties of Ti proper, such as its gestalt ontological registration and frame formation.
ET is a compound effect created by Fe→Ti, or "Fe in service to Ti." The compound is produced when Fe's pragmatism, as a Je function, is evaluated by Ti describe the core operations of causality impersonally. What results is an inanimate conceptualization of objective domains other than the living, which are nonetheless looked at from the perspective of their relationship to the human meaning. ET has the same general attitudes as Te (E+T), but is coming from Ti-Fe's metabolism and lacks the other properties of Te proper.
IF is a compound effect created by Ti→Fe, or "Ti in service to Fe." The compound is produced when Ti's essentialism, as a Ji function, is directed towards Fe's objective & animate causality. What results is a highly personalized ethical formulation, and system of inner ethical alignment, which is nonetheless held as an procedural system that the self is measured against. IF has the same general attitudes as Fi (I+F), but is coming from Ti-Fe's metabolism and lacks the other properties of Fi proper, such as its gestalt, spontaneous resonance/dissonance.
EF is a compound effect created by Te→Fi, or "Te in service to Fi." The compound is produced when Te's causality-focus, as a Je function, is put towards understanding how individual essences are revered or betrayed society's overall structure. Te becomes the protector of personal essence, advocating for its right to exist freely as whatever it must. The results is a political system of organization which nonetheless place as its implicit focus the autonomy of individual essences. EF has the same general attitudes as Fe (E+F), but is coming from Fe-Ti's metabolism.
IN is a compound effect created by Si→Ne, or "Si in service to Ne." The compound is produced when Si, as a worldview function, is used to archive a series of modular Ne associations, such that they chain together into a longer and persistent array. What results is an association chain that can cut across large domains of life, while nonetheless lacking the convergence and isomorphism of Ni. IN has the same general attitudes as Ni (I+N), but is coming from Si-Ne's metabolism.
EN is a compound effect created by Se→Ni, or "Se in service to Ni." The compound is produced when Se's exploration, as a Pe function, is directed towards exploring the web of Ni intently and in real-time. What results is a real-time exploration and journey through the associative environmental landscape of Ni, while nonetheless always following Ni's isomorphic trendlines, rather than spontaneously and indiscriminately diverging paths the way Ne does. EN has the same general attitudes as Ne (E+N), but is coming from Se-Ni's metabolism.
IS is a compound effect created by Ni→Se, or "Ni in service to Se." The compound is produced when Ni, as a worldview function, is used to link together Se's information, such that it's chained into a longer array of literal data. What results is a chain of detailed information points, which nonetheless exist as beads running across an Ni thematic thread, and which are representative of an Ni motif in a larger, convergent Ni tapestry. IS has the same general attitudes as Si (I+S), but is coming from Ni-Se's metabolism and lacks the other properties of Si proper, such as its modular, disconnected archive of historical accidents.
ES is a compound effect created by Ne→Si, or "Ne in service to Si." The compound is produced when Ne's exploration, as a Pe function, is directed towards correlating a series of Si recalls in real-time. What results is an environmental savviness which is nonetheless coming from the rapid access of prior Si catalogs, rather than a truly real-time intake of the uniquely vivid moment. ES has the same general attitudes as Se (E+S), but is coming from Ne-Si's metabolism and lacks the other properties of Se proper, such as its spontaneous and immediate flow with new literal stimuli, without any premeditation.
